Von Willebrand Disease I (vWD Type 1)

Quick Summary

Von Willebrand disease I (vWD Type 1), an inherited bleeding disorder, results from a lack or reduced level of a normal blood clotting protein and is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhaging and prolonged bleeding after physical trauma.

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Phenotype: Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder resulting from a lack or reduced level of a normal blood clotting protein called von Willebrand factor (vWF). Disease presentation varies from asymptomatic to spontaneous hemorrhaging and prolonged bleeding after injury, surgery, or giving birth. Age of onset varies with some dogs only becoming obvious “bleeders” later in life. Without medical intervention, uncontrolled bleeding can result in death.

Mode of Inheritance: Autosomal dominant (incomplete penetrance)

Alleles: N = Normal/Unaffected, vWF = Von Willebrand disease (vWD)

Breeds appropriate for testing: Australian Cobberdog, Barbet, Bernese Mountain Dog, Brazilian Terrier, Cardigan Welsh Corgi, Coton de Tulear, Doberman Pinscher, Drentsche Patrijshond, Dutch Partridge Dog, Dutch Shepherd, French Water Dog, German Pinscher, Havanese, Irish Red and White Setter, Irish Setter, Kerry Blue Terrier, Kromfohrländer, Manchester Terrier, Papillon, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Phalene, Poodles, Doodle and Poo breeds, Stabyhoun, Toy Manchester Terrier, West Highland White Terrier

Explanation of Results:

  • Dogs with N/N genotype will not have Von Willebrand disease Type I and cannot transmit this variant to their offspring.
  • Dogs with N/vWF genotype may be affected and develop Von Willebrand disease Type I. They will transmit this variant to 50% of their offspring.
  • Dogs with vWF/vWF genotype may be affected and develop Von Willebrand disease Type I, a blood clotting disorder, and will transmit this variant to all of their offspring.

Results of this test can be submitted to the OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals)

Turnaround Time
At least 15 business days; may be delayed beyond 15 business days if sample requires additional testing, or a new sample is requested.
Price

$55 single test per animal ($5 discount on 3 or more dogs)
$25 as additional health test on same animal

Additional Details

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder resulting from a lack or reduced level of a normal blood clotting protein called von Willebrand factor (vWF). Disease presentation varies from asymptomatic to spontaneous hemorrhaging and prolonged bleeding after injury, surgery, or giving birth. Furthermore, age of onset varies with some dogs only becoming obvious “bleeders” later in life. Without medical intervention, uncontrolled bleeding can result in death. Several genetic mutations that prevent normal functioning of vWF have been identified. These mutations are associated with different clinical bleeding disorders known as vWD Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3.

vWD Type 1 is the most common bleeding disorder among dogs and is present in several breeds. The disorder is characterized by a low concentration of vWF in blood. While vWD Type 1 can cause serious bleeding problems, it is generally less severe than the other two types of vWD and can be alleviated by treatment. A mutation in vWF (c.7437G>A) is associated with vWD Type 1. This disorder is inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance, which means that not all dogs that have the vWF mutation will present clinical signs of the disease.

Genetic tests for vWD Type 1, vWD Type 2, and vWD Type 3 are offered by the VGL. Results from these tests can help breeders determine the genetic status of breeding stock and risk for bleeding disorder. Veterinarians can use test results to confirm clinical findings and inform appropriate courses of treatment or management.

 

Note: The vWD Type 1, vWD Type 2 and vWD Type 3 mutations have different breed origins and distributions and thus test selection needs to be breed-appropriate. See "Breeds appropriate for testing" list on each page.
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